使用LaTeXindent自动格式化你的tex文档

在修改文章时很容易把格式搞乱，这就需要重新格式化我们的文档。在这里谈一下Windows下的方法，即使用latexindent.exe来格式化你的文档。

首先，我们需要更新下ctex自带的latexindent.exe，否则老是提醒我们：The Perl interpreter could not be found. 为此，只需要到ctan下载latexindent.exe, 并搜索你ctex安装目录下的旧latexindent.exe，然后覆盖掉.
然后，定位到你要格式化的tex文件，我们这里假设是D:\test.tex, 运行
latexindent -w test.tex
这样你重新打开test.tex时就发现他已经重新格式化了。

为了得到较好的效果，一般来说环境都要放到单独的一行。
最后，还可以用自己的配置文件来设置格式。为此，在上面的ctan下载defaultSettings.yaml到你test.tex同目录，然后复制一份到localSettings.yaml, 我把\t都替换为两个空格，并保存。然后只需在你前面的格式化命令中添加-l开关即可。即
latexindent -w -l test.tex

最后，我们还可以为WinEdt添加一个LaTeX-Indent菜单。为此，只需要打开options->options interface->Menus and Toolbar->Main Menu，然后在最后一个END之前添加如下代码，保存并按F9加载即可看到菜单：

MENU="&LaTeX-Indent"
 ITEM="LaTeX-Indent"
     CAPTION="latexindent"
     IMAGE="TeXIconTeX"
     SAVE_INPUT=1
     MACRO=`WinExe('','latexindent -w -l "%F"','%P','LaTeX-Indent...',100,0,'','','',11);`
     SHORTCUT="24649::Shift+Ctrl+I"
     REQ_FILTER=:"%!M=TeX"|"%!M=TeX:STY"|"%!M=TeX:AUX"

附上我修改后的yaml文件：

# 
# defaultSettings.yaml
#
# You're welcome to change anything you like in here, but 
# it would probably be better to have your own user settings 
# files somewhere else- remember that this file may be overwritten
# anytime that you update your distribution. Please see the manual
# for details of how to setup your own settings files.
#
# Please read the manual first to understand what each switch does :)

# Default value of indentation
defaultIndent: " "

# default file extension of backup file (if original is overwritten with -w switch)
# for example, if your .tex file is called
#       myfile.tex
# and you specify the backupExtension as BACKUP.bak then your 
# backup file will be
#       myfileBACKUP.bak
backupExtension: .bak

# only one backup per file; if onlyOneBackUp is 0 then the
# number on the extension increments by 1 each time
# (this is in place as a safety measure) myfile.bak0, myfile.bak1, myfile.bak2
#
# if you set onlyOnebackUp to 1, then the backup file will
# be overwritten each time (not recommended until you trust the script)
onlyOneBackUp: 0

# some users may only want a set number of backup files, 
# say at most 3; in which case, they can change this switch.
# If maxNumberOfBackUps is set to 0 (or less) then infinitely 
# many backups are possible, unless onlyOneBackUp is switched on
maxNumberOfBackUps: 0

# some users may wish to cycle through back up files, for example, 
# with maxNumberOfBackUps: 4, they may wish to delete the oldest
# back up file, and keep only the most recent.
#
#    copy myfile.bak1 to myfile.bak0
#    copy myfile.bak2 to myfile.bak1
#    copy myfile.bak3 to myfile.bak2
#    copy myfile.bak4 to myfile.bak3
#
# the back up will be written to myfile.bak4
cycleThroughBackUps: 0

# indent preamble
indentPreamble: 0

# always look for split { }, which means that the user doesn't
# have to complete checkunmatched, checkunmatchedELSE
alwaysLookforSplitBraces: 1

# always look for split [ ], which means that the user doesn't
# have to complete checkunmatchedbracket
alwaysLookforSplitBrackets: 1

# remove trailing whitespace from all lines 
removeTrailingWhitespace: 1

# environments that have tab delimiters, add more 
# as needed
lookForAlignDelims:
   tabular: 1
   tabularx: 1
   longtable: 1
   array: 1
   matrix: 1
   bmatrix: 1
   pmatrix: 1
   align: 1
   align*: 1
   alignat: 1
   alignat*: 1
   aligned: 1
   cases: 1
   dcases: 1
   listabla: 1

# if you have indent rules for particular environments
# or commands, put them in here; for example, you might just want 
# to use a space " " or maybe a double tab "  "
indentRules:
   myenvironment: "  "
   anotherenvironment: "  "
   chapter: " "
   section: " "
   item: "  "

#  verbatim environments- environments specified 
#  in this hash table will not be changed at all!
verbatimEnvironments:
    verbatim: 1
    lstlisting: 1

#  no indent blocks (not necessarily verbatim 
#  environments) which are marked as %\begin{noindent}
#  or anything else that the user puts in this hash
#  table
noIndentBlock:
    noindent: 1
    cmhtest: 1

# if you don't want to have additional indentation 
# in an environment put it in this hash table; note that
# environments in this hash table will inherit 
# the *current* level of indentation they just won't
# get any *additional*.
noAdditionalIndent:
    myexample: 1
    mydefinition: 1
    problem: 1
    exercises: 1
    mysolution: 1
    foreach: 0
    widepage: 1
    comment: 1
    \[: 0
    \]: 0
    document: 1
    frame: 0

# if you want to add indentation after
# a heading, such as \part, \chapter, etc
# then populate it in here - you can add 
# an indent rule to indentRules if you would 
# like something other than defaultIndent
#
# you can also change the level if you like, 
# or add your own title command
indentAfterHeadings:
    part:
       indent: 0
       level: 1
    chapter: 
       indent: 0
       level: 2
    section:
       indent: 0
       level: 3
    subsection:
       indent: 0
       level: 4
    subsection*:
       indent: 0
       level: 4
    subsubsection:
       indent: 0
       level: 5
    paragraph:
       indent: 0
       level: 6
    subparagraph:
       indent: 0
       level: 7

# if you want the script to look for commands 
# and format it, as follows (for example),
#       
#           content here
#                 next line is indented
#                 next line is indented
#           
another item
#       
# then populate indentAfterItems. See also itemNames
indentAfterItems:
    itemize: 1
    enumerate: 1
    list: 1

# if you want to use other names for your items (such as, for example, part)
# then populate them here- note that you can trick latexindent.pl
# into indenting all kinds of commands (within environments specified in 
# indentAfterItems) using this technique.
itemNames:
    item: 1
    myitem: 1

# if you want to indent if, else, fi constructs such as, for example,
#
#       \ifnum#1=2
#               something
#       \else
#               something else
#       \fi
#
# then populate them in constructIfElseFi
constructIfElseFi:
    ifnum: 1
    ifdim: 1
    ifodd: 1
    ifvmode: 1
    ifhmode: 1
    ifmmode: 1
    ifinner: 1
    if: 1
    ifcat: 1
    ifx: 1
    ifvoid: 1
    ifeof: 1
    iftrue: 1
    ifcase: 1
    
# *** NOTE ***
# If you have specified alwaysLookforSplitBraces: 1
# and alwaysLookforSplitBrackets: 1 then you don't need
# to worry about completing
#
#       checkunmatched
#       checkunmatchedELSE
#       checkunmatchedbracket
#
# in other words, you don't really need to edit anything 
# below this line- it used to be necessary for older 
# versions of the script, but not anymore :)
#***      ***

# commands that might split {} across lines
# such as \parbox, \marginpar, etc
checkunmatched:
    parbox: 1
    vbox: 1

# very similar to %checkunmatched except these 
# commands might have an else construct
checkunmatchedELSE:
    pgfkeysifdefined: 1
    DTLforeach: 1
    ifthenelse: 1

# commands that might split []  across lines
# such as \pgfplotstablecreatecol, etc
checkunmatchedbracket:
    pgfplotstablecreatecol: 1
    pgfplotstablesave: 1
    pgfplotstabletypeset: 1
    mycommand: 1
    psSolid: 1

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